Credit Available: 0.25 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™,  Nurses 0.25 Contact Hours,  Nurse Practitioners 0.25 Contact Hours (.25 hour(s) of pharmacology)

Dystonia refers to a heterogenous group of movement disorders characterized by involuntary muscle contractions. Management of dystonia depends on the specific subtype; careful patient assessment is required for an accurate differential diagnosis. This activity—intended for neurologists, physiatrists, neurology/physiatry nurse practitioners and physician assistants, and other clinicians who treat dystonia—will provide background on the different types of dystonia and discuss clinical management pearls.

Course Faculty: Barbara Illowsky Karp, MD

Credit Available: 0.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™,  Nurses 0.5 Contact Hours,  Nurse Practitioners 0.5 Contact Hours (.5 hour(s) of pharmacology)

Accurate assessment and diagnosis of spasticity is critical to individualizing its management with chemodenervation and other interventions. Knowledge of the principles of patient evaluation and the benefits and limitations of different spasticity assessment scales is a prerequisite to providing an accurate differential diagnosis. This activity—intended for neurologists, physiatrists, neurology/physiatry nurse practitioners and physician assistants, and other clinicians who treat movement disorders—will provide the essentials for spasticity assessment and diagnosis, as well as discuss the implications of patient evaluation on treatment selection and clinical decision-making.

Course Faculty: Heakyung Kim, MD

Credit Available: 0.25 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™,  Nurses 0.25 Contact Hours,  Nurse Practitioners 0.25 Contact Hours (.25 hour(s) of pharmacology)

Multiple treatment options with various mechanisms of action are available for cervical dystonia, limb dystonias, and spasticity, making it possible to highly individualize therapy. Treatment can be selected based on the specific type of movement disorder and the risk-to-benefit profile of each therapy. This activity—intended for neurologists, physiatrists, neurology/physiatry nurse practitioners and physician assistants, and other clinicians who treat movement disorders—will discuss the available treatment options for dystonia and spasticity, covering their mechanisms of action, uses across different disease states, and benefits and risks.

Course Faculty: Yeva M. Fernandez, MD

Credit Available: 0.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™,  Nurses 0.5 Contact Hours,  Nurse Practitioners 0.5 Contact Hours (.5 hour(s) of pharmacology)

Chemodenervation with botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has become an integral treatment strategy for cervical dystonia, limb dystonias, and spasticity. Effective and safe use of BoNT as part of management requires foundational knowledge of the various available formulations, their unique indications, and drug-specific considerations for dosing. This activity—intended for neurologists, physiatrists, neurology/physiatry nurse practitioners and physician assistants, and other clinicians who treat movement disorders—will provide background on BoNT development and review up-to-date clinical indications, practical management considerations, and guidelines for care.

Course Faculty: David M. Simpson, MD, FAAN

Credit Available: 0.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™

This activity provides an update on ultrasound guidance, including scanning tips and guidance techniques for safe and effective botulinum toxin injection for movement disorders.

Course Faculty: Katharine E. Alter, MD

Credit Available: 0.25 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™

This activity provides an update on using ultrasound guidance to optimize procedural guidance for head and neck botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection including ultrasound pattern recognition, scanning tips, and guidance techniques.

Course Faculty: Katharine E. Alter, MD

Credit Available: 0.25 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™

This activity reviews utilization of ultrasound guidance for optimizing botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections in the shoulder girdle region including pattern recognition, scanning tips, and needle guidance techniques.

Course Faculty: Katharine E. Alter, MD and David Simpson, MD, FAAN

Credit Available: 0.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™

This activity reviews use of ultrasound guidance for optimizing botulinum neurotoxin injections in the forearm and hand including pattern recognition, scanning tips, and needle guidance techniques.

Course Faculty: Katharine E. Alter, MD, David Simpson, MD, FAAN and Yeva M. Fernandez, MD

Credit Available: 0.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™

This activity reviews utilization of ultrasound guidance for optimizing botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections in the shoulder girdle region including pattern recognition, scanning tips, and needle guidance techniques.

Course Faculty: Katharine E. Alter, MD and Yeva M. Fernandez, MD

Credit Available: 0.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™

This activity reviews use of ultrasound guidance for optimizing botulinum neurotoxin injections in the leg and calf region including pattern recognition, scanning tips, and needle guidance techniques.

Course Faculty: Katharine E. Alter, MD and David Simpson, MD, FAAN